Jamey Marth, Ph.D., UC San Diego Professor of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and researcher with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, has come up with a unified molecular view of the cell.

This new illustration defines the basic molecular building blocks of life and currently includes 32 glycans (sugar linkages found throughout the cell) and eight kinds of lipids (which compose cell membranes) along with the more well-known 20 amino acids that are used to make proteins and the eight nucleosides that compose the nucleic acids, DNA and RNA.

"These 68 building blocks provide the structural basis for the molecular choreography that constitutes the entire life of a cell," said Marth. "And two of the four cellular components are produced by these molecular building blocks in processes that cannot be encoded by the genes. These cellular components – the glycans and lipids – may now hold the keys to uncovering the origins of many grievous diseases that continue to evade understanding."

Currently, the vast majority of medical research looks to the human genome and proteome for answers, but those answers remain elusive, and perhaps for good reason. "We have now found instances where the pathogenesis of widespread and chronic diseases can be attributed to a change in the glycome [the entire complement of glycans, or sugars, found in an organism], for example, in the absence of definable changes in the genome or proteome," Marth said, adding that, as biomedical researchers, "we need to begin to cultivate the integration of disciplines in a holistic and rigorous way in order to perceive and most effectively manipulate the biological mechanisms of health and disease."

His work, which illustrates the primary composition of all cells, is published in the September issue of Nature Cell Biology.

Read more from the University of California article.